Reginal wetter changes (10) outnumbered the drier changes (7) during SEP/OCT/NOV 2023. Drought worsened in Brazil and Western Australia to Western Indonesia while dry zones steadily emerged over the East-central U.S. and Interior South Africa. Wetter zones were most profound in Northeast Africa to Saudi Arabia in response to the positive phase Indian ocean dipole (+IOD).

The northern hemisphere snow cover during November 2023 was above normal which is consistent with each year since 2009. Climate Impact Company theorizes the reason for the consistent above normal snow cover just prior to the start of meteorological winter is due to cold advections snows across wide open water north of each continent and south of a constricting polar ice cap.

The ongoing Panama Canal drought continues. About 40% of worldwide cargo ship traffic is affected. Long-term rainfall deficits have worsened due to El Nino. The El Nino episode is strengthening and expected to peak over the next 1-2 months. During this time, dry climate continues as the DEC/JAN/FEB 2023-24 rainfall anomalies for the Panama Canal vicinity indicate sparse amount.

In the 11-15-day period, an upper trough shifts into Eastern Brazil and causes an expanding wet weather pattern across a drought zone. In the week 3-4 period, an upper trough in Brazil causes the wet weather to shift farther west across Central Brazil suppressing a drought risk.