During the past 30 days (July), the 2-meter temperature prediction verification for North America is best forecast by ECM ENS while the volatile GFS is last. The Artificial Intelligence Forecast System (AIFS) was 4th of 5 leading models.

NOAA/SPC indicates risk of damaging wind due to severe thunderstorms from Des Moines to Nashville today. The HRRR model specifically defines the threat area beginning early afternoon on the southeast Iowa/northeast Missouri state line. The line moves southeastward across western Illinois mid-afternoon to southern Illinois late afternoon and into southwest Indiana by early evening.

La Nina development stalled during the past 10 weeks or so as the subsurface cool waters required to ignite cold ENSO lost half their April intensity. However, during the past 7-10 days, cooling has resumed indicating La Nina development has returned. The Nino34 SSTA has cooled to -0.13C and appears to be trending toward the -0.50C La Nina threshold based on the 30-day change of -0.55C.

The 2024 daily southern oscillation index (SOI) identifies the uncertainty of direction in ENSO phase. Recently, SOI has spiked highly negative albeit for brief periods. The negative phase is an indicator of an El Nino climate. Conversely, a strong positive spike occurred late JUN/early JUL which indicates a strong La Nina climate. The recent spikes are a new SOI character compared to weaker daily SOI observations of MAR/APR/MAY 2024.