The projected SSTA regime and SSW risk are found in 7 different analog years in the modern climate era (since the mid-to-late 1990’s). Each year has an assigned statistical weight based on the strength of the analog. The consensus of the analog years yields an above normal snowfall each month of meteorological winter 2025-26 in Chicago and Boston (except for February).

At midday, the 12Z GFS forecasts a whopping -4 value for the East Pacific oscillation (EPO) during the 11-15-day period. Other models are averaging -2 at that timeframe, about half the strength (although still impressive). The strong (-4) index supports arctic air involvement and on day-15, 12Z GFS indicates zero for morning low temperatures from Colorado to South Dakota. Is the forecast overstated?

An intense negative North Atlantic oscillation (-NAO) weather pattern continues into early next week. Reasonable is the projection by ECM of another intense -NAO inspired upper trough into the Northeast late this weekend. The upper trough triggers more chilly weather although not quite as cold as today plus a major snowstorm over Maine.

Climate forecasts are maintaining wet Brazil forecasts for early-to-middle summer 2025-26. The operational extended range forecasts agree as ECMWF projects wet conditions in Central to East Brazil compensated for by dry and hot weather in Northeast Argentina/Southeast Brazil.