10/31/2023, 3:37 pm EDT
As October 2023 closes, several climate diagnostics are notable. First, a marginally supportive of El Nino climate signature by the southern oscillation index has weakened. Second, snow cover in the northern hemisphere is ahead of schedule. Third, the marine heat wave in the Northeast Pacific has not progressed to the West Coast of North America to further enhance El Nino. Finally, an impressive +IOD pattern has emerged.